Перевод и анализ слов искусственным интеллектом ChatGPT
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- этимология
genetic code - перевод на Английский
![single letter code]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3D Genetic Code.jpg?width=200 "single letter code]].")
![logo]] of the ''Globobulimina pseudospinescens'' mitochondrial genome by FACIL.<ref name="DutilhJurgelenaite2011"/> The logo shows the 64 codons from left to right, predicted alternatives in red (relative to the standard genetic code). Red line: stop codons. The height of each amino acid in the stack shows how often it is aligned to the codon in homologous protein domains. The stack height indicates the support for the prediction.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FACIL genetic code logo.png?width=200 "logo]] of the ''Globobulimina pseudospinescens'' mitochondrial genome by FACIL.<ref name=\"DutilhJurgelenaite2011\"/> The logo shows the 64 codons from left to right, predicted alternatives in red (relative to the standard genetic code). Red line: stop codons. The height of each amino acid in the stack shows how often it is aligned to the codon in homologous protein domains. The stack height indicates the support for the prediction.")
![Reading frames in the DNA sequence of a region of the human mitochondrial genome coding for the genes ''[[MT-ATP8]]'' and ''[[MT-ATP6]]'' (in black: positions 8,525 to 8,580 in the sequence accession NC_012920<ref name="NCBI NC_012920">''Homo sapiens'' mitochondrion, complete genome. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_012920.1 "Revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS): accession NC_012920"], ''[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''. Retrieved on 27 December 2017.</ref>). There are three possible reading frames in the 5' → 3' forward direction, starting on the first (+1), second (+2) and third position (+3). For each codon (square brackets), the amino acid is given by the [[vertebrate mitochondrial code]], either in the +1 frame for ''MT-ATP8'' (in red) or in the +3 frame for ''MT-ATP6'' (in blue). The ''MT-ATP8'' genes terminates with the TAG stop codon (red dot) in the +1 frame. The ''MT-ATP6'' gene starts with the ATG codon (blue circle for the M amino acid) in the +3 frame.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Homo sapiens-mtDNA~NC 012920-ATP8+ATP6 Overlap.svg?width=200 "Reading frames in the DNA sequence of a region of the human mitochondrial genome coding for the genes ''[[MT-ATP8]]'' and ''[[MT-ATP6]]'' (in black: positions 8,525 to 8,580 in the sequence accession NC_012920<ref name=\"NCBI NC_012920\">''Homo sapiens'' mitochondrion, complete genome. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_012920.1 \"Revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS): accession NC_012920\"], ''[[National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''. Retrieved on 27 December 2017.</ref>). There are three possible reading frames in the 5' → 3' forward direction, starting on the first (+1), second (+2) and third position (+3). For each codon (square brackets), the amino acid is given by the [[vertebrate mitochondrial code]], either in the +1 frame for ''MT-ATP8'' (in red) or in the +3 frame for ''MT-ATP6'' (in blue). The ''MT-ATP8'' genes terminates with the TAG stop codon (red dot) in the +1 frame. The ''MT-ATP6'' gene starts with the ATG codon (blue circle for the M amino acid) in the +3 frame.")
![Examples of notable [[mutation]]s that can occur in humans.<ref>References for the image are found in Wikimedia Commons page at: [[Commons:File:Notable mutations.svg#References]].</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Notable mutations.svg?width=200 "Examples of notable [[mutation]]s that can occur in humans.<ref>References for the image are found in Wikimedia Commons page at: [[Commons:File:Notable mutations.svg#References]].</ref>")
![A series of codons in part of a [[messenger RNA]] (mRNA) molecule. Each codon consists of three [[nucleotide]]s, usually corresponding to a single [[amino acid]]. The nucleotides are abbreviated with the letters A, U, G and C. This is mRNA, which uses U ([[uracil]]). DNA uses T ([[thymine]]) instead. This mRNA molecule will instruct a [[ribosome]] to synthesize a protein according to this code.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RNA-codon.svg?width=200 "A series of codons in part of a [[messenger RNA]] (mRNA) molecule. Each codon consists of three [[nucleotide]]s, usually corresponding to a single [[amino acid]]. The nucleotides are abbreviated with the letters A, U, G and C. This is mRNA, which uses U ([[uracil]]). DNA uses T ([[thymine]]) instead. This mRNA molecule will instruct a [[ribosome]] to synthesize a protein according to this code.")
[dʒi'netik'kəud]
общая лексика
генетический код
описывает метод кодирования генетической информации
синоним
Смотрите также
общая лексика
смысловой кодон
математика
вырожденный код
['kəudɔn]
общая лексика
кодон
биология
кодон (единица генетического кода)
Смотрите также
существительное
биология
кодон
нефтегазовая промышленность
кодовое обозначение стандарта
![''[[A. tumefaciens]]'' attaching itself to a carrot cell](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Agrobacterium-tumefaciens.png?width=200 "''[[A. tumefaciens]]'' attaching itself to a carrot cell")
![Human cells in which some proteins are fused with [[green fluorescent protein]] to allow them to be visualised](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Expression of Human Wild-Type and P239S Mutant Palladin.png?width=200 "Human cells in which some proteins are fused with [[green fluorescent protein]] to allow them to be visualised")
![A gene gun uses [[biolistics]] to insert DNA into plant tissue.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Genegun.jpg?width=200 "A gene gun uses [[biolistics]] to insert DNA into plant tissue.")
![In 1974 [[Rudolf Jaenisch]] created a [[genetically modified mouse]], the first GM animal.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Jaenisch 2003 by Sam Ogden.jpg?width=200 "In 1974 [[Rudolf Jaenisch]] created a [[genetically modified mouse]], the first GM animal.")
![[[Polymerase chain reaction]] is a powerful tool used in [[molecular cloning]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Master Mix with Primers form PCR.jpg?width=200 "[[Polymerase chain reaction]] is a powerful tool used in [[molecular cloning]].")
![Knockout mice]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PCWmice1.jpg?width=200 "Knockout mice]]")
общая лексика
прикладная генетика
общая лексика
генная инженерия (создание рекомбинантных ДНК, содержащих чужеродные последовательности)
синоним
Определение
Википедия
The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished by the ribosome, which links proteinogenic amino acids in an order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA), using transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to carry amino acids and to read the mRNA three nucleotides at a time. The genetic code is highly similar among all organisms and can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries.
The codons specify which amino acid will be added next during protein biosynthesis. With some exceptions, a three-nucleotide codon in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid. The vast majority of genes are encoded with a single scheme (see the RNA codon table). That scheme is often referred to as the canonical or standard genetic code, or simply the genetic code, though variant codes (such as in mitochondria) exist.
